Razavi International Journal of Medicine
Volume:11 Issue: 4, Autumn 2023

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) pose a significant challenge to patient safety and healthcare systems worldwide. These infections, acquired during medical care, can lead to prolonged long hospital stays, increased morbidity and mortality, and substantial healthcare costs. Identifying and managing risk factors associated with HAIs is crucial for effective prevention and control strategies.

This study aims to systematically review the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs).

A systematic review was performed that follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed was used to search for HAI publications with an emphasis on AI that were published during and post-COVID-19 pandemic. The terms “artificial intelligence” and “HAIs” were used to search for the publications.

A total of 29 articles were included in the systematic review. The most commonly studied healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) were ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). However, other HAIs such as hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (BSI), urinary tract infections (UTIs), surgical site infections (SSIs), Klebsiella pneumonia bloodstream infections (Kp-BSI), incubator infections, skin infections, central nervous system infections, meningitis, central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), and tracheobronchitis were also examined, although to a lesser extent.

By providing a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of AI solutions in HAI research, this review seeks to facilitate knowledge exchange, promote further research collaborations, and ultimately contribute to the development of effective strategies for preventing and managing HAIs.

Drug abuse, as one of the chronic psychiatric diseases, has become one of the major problems in societies today. The aim of this study is to comparison of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and metacognitive therapy on substance craving in patients with methadone usage care. The present study conducted a semi-test scheme of pre - test and post- test type with a three-month follow-up test with control group. The sample consisted of 60 patients receiving treatment for methadone therapy patients with methadone treatment centers for the second six months of this year, and were randomly assigned to two test groups (experimental group based on acceptance and commitment and metacognitive experimental group) and an alternative control group. Data were collected. It was also used to treat attachment and treatment of metacognitive to carry out the intervention. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS-24 software. The results showed that the acceptance and commitment therapy and metacognitive therapy are effective in reducing craving in patients with methadone usage care (p<0.01). As evidenced by research findings, it can be concluded that the acceptance and commitment therapy is more effective than metacognitive therapy in reducing cravings in substance use disorder patients with methadone usage care.

Social anxiety has long been related to reduced cognitive flexibility, and this feature is seen as a factor of social anxiety disorder. The purpose of this study was to compare cognitive flexibility among patients with social anxiety disorder with two methods of gestalt therapy and psychodrama among female para-medical students at Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2020-2021. The current research was a quasi-experimental type using a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental groups and a control group along with a follow-up test period. The statistical population of the present study consists of female paramedical students from Iran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran in the second quarter of the academic year 2020-2021. The results of the analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the mean scores of the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up scores of the cognitive flexibility component in the three phases of the pre-test, post-test, and treatment follow-up (P <0.05). In general, from the findings obtained in this research, it can be concluded that psychodrama therapy is a multidimensional therapy that affects not only the person and his emotions but also his environment and interpersonal relationships, affecting all these dimensions significantly improves the overall level of a person's health.

The present study was conducted to compare the academic meaning and delay of gratification of students with high and low levels of self-defeating behaviors. The current research method was a causal-comparative. The statistical population for this study included all Gilan University undergraduate students during the 2022-2023 academic year. Students were selected according to a three-level cluster sampling process in each University's faculties, disciplines, and courses. The data collection tools were the Self-Defeating Behavior and Cognition Scale (SDBCS (, Delay of Gratification (DOG (, and Meanings of Education (MOE). To investigate the research hypotheses, univariate and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used with SPSS ver,26. The results showed, the main effect of behavior with and without self-defeating behaviors after controlling the gender variable had a significant effect on the delay of gratification and subscales of the meaning of education variable. (p> 0.001). According to the average, the amount of delay of gratification variable and meaning of education subscales was higher in people without self-defeating behaviors. Therefore, in modern learning programs (Schools and universities), the role of the meaning of education, delay of gratification, self-defeating behaviors, and the relationship between them should be seriously considered.

Drug abuse is a major issue and one of the main causes of health, psychological, and social problems. The study aimed to investigate the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in predicting the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and the tendency to abuse addictive substances among Adolescent females in 2022-23 in Yazd, Iran.

The research method was correlational. The statistical population of the study included all the female students in the junior high schools of Yazd, Iran in the academic year 2022-23. A sample of 200 adolescent females (aged 13–15) was recruited through multi-stage sampling. Participants had at least one self-harming behavior in their clinical records. Cognitive Flexibility Inventory-Iranian Version, Adverse experiences in childhood relationships, and The Readiness Scale for Substance Abuse were completed. To analyze the data paths and standard coefficients used by SPSS-23 software.

The obtained results indicated a significant relationship between all correlation coefficients obtained between a tendency to abuse addictive substances, traumatic experiences in childhood, and cognitive flexibility at the P<0.01 level. Additionally, the indirect effect of cognitive flexibility on the tendency to abuse drugs was significant and the proposed model was confirmed.

The results of this study revealed that cognitive flexibility was associated with childhood traumatic experiences and the tendency to abuse addictive substances. In addition, cognitive flexibility mediates the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and the tendency to abuse addictive substances among adolescent females.

The role of psychological distress in the relationship between childhood trauma and relationship quality has been neglected as a variable that can moderate the relationship between childhood trauma and relationship quality.

Methods and Materials:

 The design of the current study was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population included all couples over 18 years old in 2022. The sample size was 444 people who were selected from the statistical population using the available sampling method. Due to the spread of Omicron disease, sampling was done online. The link of the questionnaires, which contained Bernstein's childhood trauma questionnaire (2003), Kessler's psychological distress (2002), and Pierce's relationship quality (1991), was provided to people on WhatsApp and Telegram virtual networks, and they were asked to answer the questionnaires. The analysis method was correlation and Hayes regression, and the data were analyzed using software (SPSS) version 21 with the PROCESS plugin to calculate the role of the moderator.

Rasults: 

The results showed that childhood trauma and psychological distress have a significant role in predicting relationship quality, and the interaction effect of childhood trauma and psychological distress on relationship quality was also significant (β=0.172, P < 0.01).

Psychological distress moderates the relationship between childhood trauma and the quality of relationships. That is, the high or low level of psychological distress in people with childhood trauma determines the qualitative levels of relationships in couples.

Marital infidelity is one of the most important factors that threaten performance, stability and continuity of marriage and main reason that brings couples to family counseling centers for divorce. The present study was conducted with aim of comparing the effectiveness of schema therapy and therapy based on improving the quality of life on marital intimacy in women affected by infidelity. This research was a semi-experimental type with pre-test and post-test design and control group with two-months follow-up. The statistical population was all women affected by infidelity in 2020- 2021 in the city of Tehran, and the statistical sample was 45 women who were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups of 15 people. Schema therapy group was intervened during 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the treatment group based on quality of life during 10 sessions of 90 minutes once a week. The research tool included Walker & Thompson's Marital Intimacy Questionnaire (MIS) (2003). In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical indicators, variance analysis test with repeated measurements and covariance test were used. The results showed that 54/2% of marital intimacy is under the influence of two treatments. The main effect of group is significant for intimacy (F=24/56, P=0.000, 0.210). However, there was no difference between the effectiveness of two treatments in increasing intimacy. It is concluded that schema therapy and therapy based on improving the quality of life are effective on increasing intimacy in women affected by infidelity.

In body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), individuals become greatly distressed or disturbed due to flaws they believe exist in their physical appearance, regardless of the trivial nature or non-existence of these perceived imperfections.

The study aimed to explore the structural relationship between body dysmorphic disorder and satisfaction of basic psychological needs with the mediating role of body image and mindfulness.

This descriptive and correlational study is part of structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population for this study included all students at Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch during the 2022-2023 academic year. A sample of 377 subjects were selected in a convenience method. Online surveys were used to collect the required data from all university students in Shahr-e-Qods. The instruments were Basic Psychological Needs Questioner (BPNQ), the Body Dysmorphic Metacognitive Questionnaire, the Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS), and The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). The statistical procedures were run in SPSS22 and AMOS22.

The findings showed that there is a very strong positive correlation coefficient between body image and body dysmorphic disorder (r = 0.587, P < 0.01).

In general, it can be concluded that traits such as satisfying the basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and communication by influencing increased awareness of the present moment and attention “non-judgmental” i.e. The practice of "mindfulness" and a decreased focus on body image, along with respect for body and appearance, can help students avoid symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder.